PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.
